What are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor And Chemical Formula

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of the carbonic anhydrase. Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, antiepileptics, diuretics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders, idiopathic intracranial hypertension or osteoporosis.

Carbonic Anhydrase Chemical Formula

Carbonic Anhydrase Formula Represent in given below image.

DRUG NAME:
Diamox Sequels (Pro)
Generic name: acetazolamide

Diamox (Pro)
Generic name: acetazolamide

Daranide
Generic name: dichlorphenamide

Keveyis (Pro)
Generic name: dichlorphenamide

Neptazane (Pro)
Generic name: methazolamide

Mechanism:

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the activity of carbonic anhydrase, and this enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid and then the bicarbonate. Therefore, this reduces the resorption of bicarbonate from the proximal tubule in the kidneys, furthermore, which causes a direct increase in bicarbonate excretion and mild increases in sodium (Na), and potassium(K) excretion. Generally, the electrolyte effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are mild and they are usually not used for their diuretic capacity. Dichlorphenamide, Acetazolamide, and methazolamide are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor also decreases secretion of aqueous humor (the aqueous humor is the clear fluid that fills the space between the lens and the cornea of the eyeball), which results in a decrease in intraocular pressure.

What are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Used For or Medical uses

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are Basically used for the treatment of glaucoma. furthermore, they are also be used to treat seizure disorder and acute mountain sickness. Because it encourages solubilization and excretion of uric acid, it can be also used in the treatment of gout.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for other ocular conditions where lowering of the intraocular blood pressure has been deemed beneficial. Acetazolamide is also used for the treatment and prevention of acute mountain sickness and in some types of epilepsy. Dichlorphenamide may be also used to treat certain inherited muscle disorders. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be used in the treatment of other conditions.

Carbonic Anhydrase Glaucoma

Acetazolamide is an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. It’s used for glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, epilepsy (rarely), and altitude sickness. For the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), interferes with the sodium pump, and acetazolamide inactivates carbonic anhydrase which decreases aqueous humor formation and thus lowers IOP. Systemic effects include increased loss of potassium, sodium, and water in the urine, furthermore, secondary to the drug’s effects on the renal tubules, where the valuable components of filtered blood are re-absorbed in the kidney. Therefore, Arterial Blood gases might show mild hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

Methazolamide is also a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CA inhibitor). It has a longer elimination half-life than acetazolamide and is less associated with the adverse effects on the kidney.

Dorzolamide is a sulfonamide and topical carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) inhibitor. Therefore, it is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma and who are insufficiently responsive to beta-blockers. Inhibition of CA II (carbonic anhydrase II) in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with the subsequent reduction in sodium (Na) and fluid transport.

Brinzolamide (Alcon Laboratories, trade names Azopt, Inc, Befardin Fardi Medicals) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Furthermore, it exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active of which is CA II(carbonic anhydrase II). The mixture of brinzolamide with timolol is marketed under the trade name Azarga.

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